Question 1

Is the brake light on dashboard lighted up? Then you must pay attention because your vehicle is trying to tell you that there is something wrong with your braking system.

Accepted Answer

Is the brake light on dashboard lighted up? Then you must pay attention because your vehicle is trying to tell you that there is something wrong with your braking system.Sometimes this icon will illuminate along with the ABS light and sometimes it will turn on by itself. Since your braking system is the most important safety mechanism in your car or truck, you need to be sure that it is in working condition at all times.There are several common things that will cause this brake warning light to come on. The good news is that at least two of them can be easily fixed without taking your vehicle down to an auto repair shop. Let's take a closer look...Why is My Brake Light On?If the brake light on your dash is on, there are a few important things you will need to check right away:1. Your Brake isn't Fully ReleasedSimple as it sounds, this is the most probable cause of your problem in most cases.Most vehicles have a sensor that tells the car or truck when the parking brake is on. If you don't take your parking brake it all the way off, your vehicle will think that it is still engaged and warn you when you try to drive away.Vehicle have this inbuilt warning because if you drive with your parking brake on, it will wear down the lining of the brake shoes and make them go bad prematurely. Many newer cars have a separate warning for the parking brake and the rest of the braking system.2. Your Brake Fluid is LowThe second most common reason for causing a brake light on your dash is if your brake fluid is low.There is a sensor that is inside the brake master cylinder that can tell when the fluid gets low. This sensor will illuminate the brake warning light to let the driver know that the brake system needs attention asap.If it gets too low then that means that there is most likely a leak in your braking system and all the brake fluid will eventually leak out. If all of the brake fluid leaks out, then your brakes will no longer work.3. Your ABS is Having ProblemsIs both your ABS and brake light on? Then there may be a problem with the ABS (anti-lock braking system) in your vehicle.Sometimes the brake light will come on by itself without the ABS light. Assuming that you have checked that the brake fluid reservoir is full and that the parking brake is not on, then the best thing to do is to have the codes read.You can usually have this done at most any auto parts store, but sometimes their scan tools cannot read ABS codes so you may need to take it to a repair shop. There will most likely be a code set in the computer and this code will help you determine what the problem might be.4. Other Possible CausesThere is also a small chance that a problem with a brake sensor (such as the brake fluid level sensor or the parking brake sensor) or the brake light itself is causing the brake light on the dash. If you have tried everything else, then you should have these items checked.If you still have any unresolved vehicle problems or questions, you can ask an auto mechanic online. For expert answers specific to your vehicle's make and model, I recommend JustAnswer Car. They have a large pool of certified mechanics to answer your questions for a small fee and you can also browse their answers to other users for free.

Question 2

Valve springs should be inspected before installing them on the cylinder head

Accepted Answer

Valve Spring Inspection Valve springs should be inspected before installing them on the cylinder head. In fact, all valve train components and their geometry should be checked before reassembling the valve train. Valve springs are made from different metals depending on the engine. There are several designs other than standard springs. Some include a damper to reduce valve train vibration. Others are variable springs that change the distance in the space between the coils. Dual springs have a smaller spring located inside the larger one. This spring set dampens and reduces vibrations. A weak or worn valve spring will result in valve float. Valves open and close at incredible speeds; a valve spring must be able to endure these extreme conditions. Valve float can result in damage to other components in the valve train. Use a square and a flat surface to check valve spring squareness. Rotate the valve and make sure all the coils contact the square as it is rotated. A feeler gauge is sometimes used to measure tolerance. Check the manufacturer’s manual for any specifications or special procedures. Notice the space between the top coil and the square.

Question 3

Headlight Bulb Replacement Guide

Accepted Answer

Headlight bulb replacement can be easy, but there are things you should know. It is essential to be ready to fix your cars lights if they even have a problem. Not only is a burned out light a safety issue, but also it can cost you if you get pulled over by police for this problem. Fixing this issue yourself can be done, but you need to know a few things first.The Truth Behind Headlight Bulb ReplacementWhat you might have heard: "Changing headlight bulbs is a snap!"... "You don't need any tools" or "Headlights are cheap and easy to replace"The truth: In the past, replacing headlight bulbs meant having to swap out the entire headlamp assembly. Thankfully for cars today this is no longer the case - Car manufacturers have been using halogen bulbs that are separately replaceable for many years.Changing headlamp bulbs is often straightforward. On most cars you simply push and twist and it is out, but for some cars you still have to remove the headlamp assembly. Usually there are quick release tabs or buttons and you need to know where these are located and how to get them to work so you don't break anything.More good news: You can find a pair of headlight bulbs selling for just $10 to $80 on Amazon. I usually just buy from Amazon because they carry a huge collection of bulbs for almost all vehicle models and makes... plus their shipping is both fast and free.How to Change Headlight Bulb1. Pop open your engine compartment hood and locate the bulb holder at the back of the headlight. You will see a power connector (consisting of three wires) held by a metal clip, plastic catch or screw cap. If there is a dust cover protecting the power connector, remove it first.2. Disconnect the power connector. Metal clip: lift it up then pull it out, Plastic catch: Press down on the lever with your thumb and pull, Screw cap: Just unscrew it3. Remove the old headlight bulb from its socket4. Take out the new bulb from its packaging. Do not touch the glass surface of the bulb with your bare hands during headlight bulb replacement - If the the oil on your hands gets onto the glass surface, it may cause the bulb to heat up and burn out. It's recommended that you clean the new bulb with alcohol wipes before installing it.5. Hold the new bulb by its base and insert it into the back of the headlight. Proceed to reconnect the power connector. Finally turn on your headlights to make sure everything is working.If you can't figure out how to get to the headlight area, then you will need vehicle-specific instructions for headlight bulb replacement. If you just start taking things apart, you could end up with a pile of parts and not remember where they all go.To troubleshoot, repair and maintain your vehicle, you'll need diagnostic and repair information that is specific to your car or truck. For this I personally use and recommend ALLDATAdiy. With full manuals for over 30,000 vehicles online, you will find an exact match for your vehicle's year, make and model.Besides being cheaper than a factory manual, they also offer step by step repair instructions and detailed diagrams beyond what is found in most printed manuals. Click here for a sample of their diagnostic and repair information.

Question 4

Accepted Answer

If the driver’s experience with automatics and manuals is quite different, what’s happening under the hood is largely the same. Both types work to allow your engine to operate within a narrow range of speeds while allowing the car itself to experience numerous output speeds.In both types of cars, gears are used to leverage the engine’s torque and allow that engine to keep whirring along at a reasonable speed. The end result is that drivers can operate their cars at varying speeds and accelerations without having to worry about the engine burning up.But how do automatics and manuals actually differ on a technical level?The big difference is that a manual will lock and unlock different gears to produce needed gear ratios. With an automatic, the same set of gears produces all the necessary gear ratios—thus, no need for gear shifting. The Key Components To make all of this happen, the automatic relies on a few key components. Some of these components to know about are: The planetary gear sets, which provide all forward and reverse gear sets.The hydraulic system, which uses a special transmission fluid to control the planetary gear sets.The torque converter, which basically serves as the clutch, letting a gear stop while the engine keeps running.The governor and the modulator, which determine speed and throttle and signal for gear shifts when needed.

Question 5

Accepted Answer

What is a master cylinder and what does it do? It is an integral part of a braking system that is used to transfer energy or power from the brake pedal to the brake pads and shoes in order to safely stop the vehicle.Your brake pedal is connected to the brake master cylinder. When you step on the pedal, a small rod is pushed into it. This pushes on a piston inside a bore (hole) in the cylinder. This piston pushes brake fluid out from the reservoir through the brake lines and causes the caliper piston to extend outward and push the brake pads against the rotor with enough force that it slows the vehicle.The process converts mechanical energy to hydraulic energy which is then transferred back to mechanical energy. This might seem confusing at first, but it really is a great way to get the energy of your foot against the brake pedal down to the brake pads and rotors.When cars were first invented they used a purely mechanical braking system. This system needed to be adjusted constantly, had to have parts replaced all the time and was generally not very reliable. However, even though the purely mechanical system was a pain to use we still do use a form of it in modern cars. The parking brake system is a mechanical system designed to be used in the event of a hydraulic failure.Signs of a Bad Master CylinderIf you suspect your cylinder is defective, read on to see if they are exhibiting these bad master cylinder symptoms:1. Fluid LeakingIf you notice clear fluid leaking from around where the cylinder bolts to the brake booster or inside the vehicle where the brake pedal pushes into the brake booster, then you likely have a cylinder leak. Inside the cylinder there are rubber seals that get worn out. As this happens they tend to start leaking brake fluid out.2. Pedal FadeIf you turn off your car or truck and push on the brake pedal it should get very hard. If you keep pushing on it lightly and it keeps sinking to the floor that is an indicator that the cylinder is leaking internally. The only good way to fix this problem is to replace it. Sometimes you can find seal kits that have all the parts you need to rebuild it, but you shouldn't attempt this unless you're very confident that you can get it right.3. Bad Brake FluidIf you have recently found brake fluid in your reservoir that had water in it or was dark then you could have a problem with your cylinder. This type of brake fluid can eat away the rubber seals inside the cylinder and cause it to start leaking.What to Do If Your Cylinder is BadIf you or your mechanic has determined that your brake master cylinder is bad, most of the time the only option is to replace it with a new one. Many times you can get a cheaper one by buying a rebuilt unit. These are usually a good deal because they have had all the seals replaced. The seals are what cause them to go bad 90% of the time so as long as those have been fixed it should be a good part.You can also sometimes get a repair or rebuild kit for your cylinder. These can be hard to replace for DIY mechanics so it might be best to leave this to your mechanic.

Question 6

Accepted Answer

Auto Air Conditioning TroubleshootingBefore you start air conditioning troubleshooting you need to realize that it is not as easy as you might think. There are many things that can go wrong when trying to fix your AC system yourself.Probably the most common problem that people run into when attempting DIY A/C repairs is that they get dirt and other debris in the system and/or they don't put the correct amount of freon in the ac system.When the system is not flushed of all debris and old oil, it will never cool right. If there is too much or not enough refrigerant then it will also never cool how it should and it could even pose a danger. Modern air conditioning systems MUST be clean and have the correct amount of freon in them in order for them to cool properly. Here's more information that will help you sort it out air con troubleshooting...How Your AC System WorksIt is a very little known fact that a fully functional air conditioning unit does NOT run out of Freon. Freon (R-134a or R-12 in older systems) is pumped through the AC system by the compressor.The compressor compresses the gas and pushes it into the condenser. The condenser causes the gas to turn into a liquid. This high pressure liquid has now lost a lot of heat and is ready to take in heat from the interior of the car. It is pushed through a drier which keeps the liquid dry, then it goes to an expansion valve (there are other names for this device but they work in a similar manner).The expansion valve pushes the liquid through a very small opening thus creating small droplets of refrigerant that is then pushed through the evaporator. In the evaporator the liquid refrigerant (R-134a) changes from a liquid to a gas. In this process it takes in large amounts of heat and thus the air is cooled.The low pressure gas is sucked into the compressor. This process is repeated, using the same gas over and over. Nothing comes in and nothing comes out. The water that you see leaking from the car on a hot day when you have been pumping the AC is due to condensation on the cold bits and does not come from within the unit. Just like water droplets gathering on the outside of a cold glass of juice.To put it another way, the gas is not used up, so it continues to do what it does, as long as it stays inside your car’s air conditioning system. The fridge in your kitchen works on the same principle as your auto AC and how many times have you heard of someone refilling their fridge with Freon?Air Conditioning Problems in CarsAir Conditioner LeaksLeaks are, as I mentioned, not the only possible culprit. Simplistically put, you may require air conditioning repair when the mechanical or electrical bits break. The bits include things called evaporator coils, compressors, electric motors, condensers, belts and pulleys. Like all electrical and mechanical things, they can wear down and break.Air Conditioning EvaporatorEvaporator coils are generally not worth repairing. The cost of reconditioning one of these tends to exceed the cost of replacing one with a new part. A new part will last longer in any case.A/C CompressorCompressors can be repaired, depending what the problem is. If you just have a problem with a compressor clutch then it can sometimes be replaced. This is becoming less common as companies are opting to manufacture compressors that do not have serviceable clutches.Most of the time you will just have to replace the compressor. These are not cheap. Including labor, you are probably in for anywhere from $100 to $1000.A/C Belts and PulleysYou may know what a belt or a pulley is. Your engine probably uses several of them. As the engine works, it drives not only the wheels, but other components such as your alternator and power steering.Ever noticed how the wheels are impossible to turn when the car is off? Your engine is connected to these other things by a pulley system. A pulley is a wheel which has either has teeth or grooves on it. The engine turns a pulley. A belt, which is a very strong rubbery thing, fits into the grooves of the engine pulley and in turn drives the air con’s pulley.Fairly simple. Belts and pulley’s wear out and need to be replaced. Replacing them seems easier than it is unless you have the right tools. In order for them to work properly, they need to be under the correct tension. Something called a tensioner, does just that. Your mechanic can replace the AC pulley quickly and if you have the right tools you can do it fairly quickly as well.If you decide to replace your AC belt yourself then be sure you have a serpentine belt diagram. There is usually one located on the hood or somewhere in the engine compartment, but if you can't find it then you need to get a repair manual that has one. No matter how much you think you remember how it goes, you will forget!I am all for the enthusiast tinkering about or those with tight purse strings doing some DIY to save a few dollars. Most of the time auto air conditioning troubleshooting is not worth the effort or the money to risk doing yourself. One exception to this is if you are diagnosing an electrical problem in your AC system. As long as you are not messing with the Freon you can probably do some of the diagnostics yourself.DIY or Take It to a Mechanic?A leak is not the only possible problem with auto air conditioning. Before I move on to other possibilities let me be clear: go to your mechanic. You are not going to fix the leak yourself. Air conditioning troubleshooting is not an easy DIY job.I would not start squirting dye I bought at the corner store into the air conditioning system to find a leak. The dye used by the professionals is proven not to damage anything. That being said you can find tracer dye at any good auto parts store. However, you have to get this dye into a pressurized ac system. You can get a kit at auto parts stores and even Wal-mart has the fitting to put it into the air conditioner.The problem though, is that you don't know what you are putting in with these kits. If you put it in then have to take your car to a repair shop they would not touch it because they would have to use a machine that would suck it into their refrigerant bottle and if they don't know what it is they certainly won't put it into their stock (as this would contaminate their whole bottle).You almost certainly don’t have the equipment do this safely and it is not worth buying the equipment unless you are planning to open an air conditioning troubleshooting shop. A repair shop will have an AC machine that is used to vacuum out all of the old refrigerant, ac oil, ac dye, etc. It will then be used to put the correct amount of refrigerant, oil and dye back into the system.Kits are available but chances are pretty good that even if you were to find the leak, fixing it is hardly ever straight forward. Every time you get it wrong, you are going to pay to refill the gas and then try again. I doubt very much that you will source the parts for less than an auto repair shop, who buy parts in bulk.You get my point - Air conditioning troubleshooting and repair is best left to a mechanic.If you still have any unresolved vehicle problems or questions, you can ask an auto mechanic online. For expert answers specific to your vehicle's make and model, I recommend JustAnswer Car. They have a large pool of certified mechanics to answer your questions for a small fee and you can also browse their answers to other users for free.Air Conditioning RipoffsWhat then, begs the question, do those fellows do, who promise air con refilling at a fraction of the cost?In my opinion, they take your money and claim to be doing air conditioning troubleshooting and repair. In exchange, they do put more gas in your car and then they hope that the leak in your AC is small enough that you won’t bother them again for a good while. When it eventually runs out, you go back like a good customer and give them more money.However if the leak is significant, they will send you away. They will say that you need to go to your mechanic or AC specialist because the issue is not the gas. It never was. The loss of gas was just the symptom. The kicker is that once the problem is repaired, you will have to pay to have the system regassed again. They probably don't even know how to do air conditioning troubleshooting.Only on rare occasions, is the cause for loss of the Freon a temporary one, in which case, I would be wrong about a quick refill sorting the problem but I am willing to bet that my gloomy prediction is almost always right.How to Make Your AC System LastTo make your auto AC last longer, you should minimize the wear and tear. In other words avoid using it, unless you have to. If you do use it, close the windows and turn the air recycling on. This way, the AC does not have to work as hard to keep cooling the incoming hot air and more importantly does not stop and start continuously.If you live in a cold climate try to remember to run the AC every month or so. There is oil in your air conditioning lines and when the AC is off it does not circulate. It is good to circulate it every once in a while to keep the seals inside these lines lubricated. This will help your AC system to not leak. Air conditioning troubleshooting is a challenge for most car owners and better left to professionals.

Question 7

Accepted Answer

Filter replacement is a big part of auto maintenance and not something that vehicle owners should neglect. Although it is important, it can be hard to know how often air and oil filters should be changed. You definitely don’t want to ignore them, but you shouldn’t be replacing them more often than necessary either.Maintaining Your Engine’s Air FilterHow often should the engine air filter be replaced? In short, whenever it gets too dirty. Over time, the air filter will collect dirt, dust and debris. Eventually, it simply becomes too filthy to function. But with proper maintenance, the filter should be replaced before that happens.Air filters are a crucial vehicle component because they help protect the engine. They collect all that debris to prevent it from getting into the engine itself and causing real damage or impede optimal functioning. When the filters get too dirty themselves, that’s when the debris starts getting into the engine.If you neglect the air filter, the filter can all but disintegrate. This can lead to all kinds of corrosive particles getting into the engine and can actually shorten the lifespan of the engine dramatically. Filter replacement is a small maintenance cost that prevents far worse damage down the road.It is hard to arrive at a single answer when it comes to the question of how often to replace the air filter. It varies depending on make, model and how often you drive the vehicle. With that said, here are some pointers:First, consult the owner’s manual to see if it provides any indication.As a rule of thumb, 30,000 miles is about how far you should drive before replacing the filter.It is often easiest to simply get the air filter changed every time you take the vehicle in for a routine oil change, tire rotation, etc. Make it a regular part of your preventative maintenance.Maintaining Your Oil FilterAnother filter to keep in mind is the oil filter. Again, it’s impossible to say exactly how often you need to have it changed, as it varies depending on the condition of the vehicle. Simply having the filter changed any time you have an oil change is the simplest rule of thumb.This is another important step to take in order to protect your engine and prevent potential maintenance issues down the road. Filters are easy to forget about, but they really should be a part of your routine auto maintenance plan.

Question 8

Accepted Answer

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